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April 2022   Issue 229


Contents


Editorial: Co-op mural ‘Harvest’       

Problems x3: New Cut West         

New members        

Robert Mellamphy’s Sutton Hoo art       

Chairman's remarks       

Letters to the Editor       

Planning matters      

Ipswich Society events May/June 2022    

Ethel’s Edwardian album   

Public grey warning              

A giant in Yoxford     

Brownfield sites in Ipswich       

My time in the Tax Office      

Membership Secretary vacancy         

The Guild of Our Lady     

Donations and Gift Aid       

The bridge on the river     

Society officers and contacts       

Henley Gate Community Liaison Group    

Deadlines/quiz answers       

The Ipswich boy who ruled the country   

Robert Mellamphy’s Sutton Hoo relief       


See Editorial, page 2                                                                   Photograph by John Norman


Editorial: Co-op mural (‘Harvest’) 

It is time to correct and supplement the information shown in our Public art in Ipswich booklet 

published in January 2021 and distributed free with this Newsletter. Now that the plans to 

develop as a school the site of the former Co-operative stores running east from Cox Lane down 

Carr Street have been approved, one proviso imposed by the Borough Council planners is that 

the developers should remove, restore and resite the large mosaic mural which can be found on 

the rear of the rather brutalist 1960s block and above Cox Lane (our cover image this issue). 


Our entry in the booklet reflected the general opinion that the creator of this work of industrial 

art was not known – this was frustrating for me as the compiler of the booklet. However, Ed 

Broom, Mike Taylor and, more recently, Keith Wade have pointed to the work of architectural 

historian Lynn Pearson. Her 2020 book England's Co-operative Movement: An Architectural 

History (Historic England imprint of Liverpool University Press) makes a clear attribution:- 

‘The final mural in the series was a collaboration between Gyula Bajo [1907-1984] and his old 

friend Endre Hevezi [1923-2017], probably carried out during 1963-4 and certainly complete by 

spring 1965. Designed for a site at the rear of Ipswich's modernised premises (1960-5, 

CWSAD*), it is a colourful and elegant mosaic mural, a stylised abstract representation of co-

operation based around a female figure holding a wheatsheaf. Although further developments 

were planned for the area, nothing materialised and the mural now looks out over car parks and 

back entrances to anonymous buildings.’          

 (*Co-operative Wholesale Society Architects Department) 


These two Hungarian refugees were talented ceramicists with architectural skills, but it appears 

that they did not work for CWSAD for very long. Our Ipswich mosaic is ‘one of only four 

surviving large-scale English Co-op murals from the 1950s and 1960s’ in the country. The name 

Harvest seems to have been attached to the work over time, associated to the central sheaf of 

corn, a typical symbol of the Co-operative movement. It can be difficult to untangle all the 

shapes and colours of this design, which harks back to the modernism of the 1930s to 50s.  


One commentator refers to two doves of peace flying off to the left, a large brown bird and a 

Loch Ness monster-like sea creature on the right. However, what we have here are two figures: 

Ceres, goddess of the harvest, is central – her hair echoing the colour of the corn sheaf she holds. 

The figure of Mercury, the Roman god of commerce, lies, or floats, horizontally behind her. The 

feathery shapes on the left are his winged boots. As his body appears on the right, his hand holds 

a caduceus (herald's wand, or staff with intertwining snakes, as he is the messenger of the gods). 

His other arm and hand are raised, coloured dark blue. In between, we see the semi-profile in red 

and black of Mercury with his winged helmet. It looks as if he wears a long cloak which projects 

across to his feet. 


It is good to supply an interpretation of the subject matter and, at last, an attribution to one of the 

largest works of public art in Ipswich (3 by 9 metres). For further information, see Ed Broom’s 

blog: www.freston.net/blog/index.php?y=2021&m=01&d=25. 


In April 2022, with everyone taking their first cautious steps into ‘society’ – as most of us 

haven’t been able to for two years – The Ipswich Society is gradually doing likewise with our 

Awards, AGM, talks, guided walks and (ta-daah!) the return of Heritage Open Days in 

September. Our HOD officer, Neil Thompson (his details are on page 27) welcomes regular and 

new venues – do get in touch.                

Robin Gaylard 


New members 


Chairman’s remarks 

Unsurprisingly, there has been very little going on, either with the Society or in the town, 

although we are pleasantly surprised at the number of restaurants poised to move into the town 

centre, particularly those on, or close to, the Cornhill. The revamped square could actually 

become quite lively after dark. 


Waterfront Partnership + BrewDog 

I sat on the Waterfront Partnership for ten years, a group of Waterfront Landowners, Council 

Officers (Strategic Planners) and representatives of the Port Owners. The key purpose of the 

group was to ensure that the proposed developments didn’t turn the Waterfront into a housing 

estate, devoid of life during the day. Included in the planning mix there would need to be 

restaurants, bars, visitor attractions and people, people who would use the Waterfront with a 

purpose other than simply living there. 


The key was of course the University, staff, students, visiting academics and parents all of whom 

would require a snack at lunchtime and probably the occasional meal in an evening.  And these 

bars and restaurants would attract others, office workers during their lunch-break, a night-time 

economy and weekend promenaders. Things were slow to get going, and the financial crash of 

2009 didn’t help but slowly businesses around the Waterfront have grown, there is now a choice 

of where to take coffee, where to eat and enjoy the company of friends. 


It is for these reasons we welcome the pending arrival of BrewDog into a ground floor unit under 

The Mill. The west end of Albion Wharf doesn’t enjoy the most ‘open’ of Waterfront views, but 

BrewDog will bring people, money and jobs, and this will inevitably lead to other units being 

taken in Cranfield Square (which unfortunately has no view of the water at all). 


We appreciate the concerns of residents, particularly those whose apartments are upstairs, in The 

Mill or the Winerack but we are sure BrewDog will turn out to be good neighbours. 

  

Museum 

Elsewhere in this Newsletter you will read of the financial award that the National Lottery 

Heritage Fund will make towards the planned improvements at Ipswich Museum. It is important 

to appreciate that they are not the only contributors; some remarkable negotiations have gone on 

to ensure that there will be sufficient funding in place to complete the proposed package. As I 

understand things, the total cost of £8.7 million is made up of £4.3 million from the National 

Lottery Heritage Fund, £3.6 million from Ipswich Borough Council, £40,000 from the Friends of 

Ipswich Museum, a grant of £110,000 from the Wolfson Foundation with £340,000 through 

fundraising (Trusts and Charitable Foundations) and £300,000 from various sources including 

volunteer time. [See ‘Letter to the Editor’ and response on page 22. -Ed.] 

  

Heritage Open Days 

Heritage Open Days are back in 2022; inevitably the event will be different from those we 

organised in the early 21st century – perhaps it was time for change without us realising. One 

idea we are working on is the history of clusters of buildings, perhaps around a street junction 

such as St Nicholas Street / St Peters Street / Silent Street / Rose Lane, ie. Curson Place, marked 

today by Wolsey's statue. Literally thousands of people walk through the area every day on their 

way to the Waterfront or to cross Stoke Bridge. Lord Curson's house was once here, the house 

Cardinal Wolsey coveted as his own. Henry VIII and Katherine of Aragon stayed in the house in 

1522 with their entourage in the inn opposite (Curson Lodge which stands today). Heritage Open 

Days in Ipswich will require volunteers to welcome visitors to those buildings we can persuade 

to open (including Pykenham's Gatehouse). You don't need to know anything about the venue, 

most will have a brief history on a sheet of A4 which you can hand to visitors. If you read it first 

you'll no doubt be able to answer 90% of their questions. Interested in contributing a couple of 

hours? Drop an email to Caroline (secretary@ipswichsociety.org.uk). We need you.  

John Norman 


Planning matters 


The former Defiant public house, 22 Stoke Street. This is a 17th-18th century building 

refronted by Cattermole and Eade in the mid-1860s with interesting trapezoid (coffin) shaped 

windows. It has been shut for at least five years, and despite various approved proposals it 

remains untouched and deteriorating. The latest idea is to convert the ground floor into two 

two-bedroom flats and the first floor into a four-bed HMO. The exterior will be largely 

unchanged. The regulations concerning HMOs limit the number in any given street (the 

Defiant is in Stoke Street – not Burrell Road). 


2 Coytes Gardens. The latest iteration returns to three flats on floors one, two and three; the 

ground floor is returned to a car, cycle and bin space. The exterior design is good and fits well 

with its modern next-door neighbour. 


Former Paul’s office building, Key Street. This proposal is to convert only the first floor of 

the northern, unlisted, wing of the complex. Under class ‘O’, it is a permitted development 

with certain limitations; it must also conform to flood risks – it is in flood zone 2, so only the 

first floor is habitable and egress must be provided outside the flood risk zone to the north. The 

development does not interfere with either the listed building to the north nor to the old Jewish 

Cemetery. 


6 Westerfield Road and 10 Parkside Avenue. Thornbank Nursing Home has moved to 

Henley Gate so the three buildings can revert to their original Victorian function as three five-

bedroom houses. Modern excrescences (lift tower and extension will go) and a new arch to the 

middle house constructed. At the rear, the ground floor will be faced in Corten steel – unusual 

in this setting – with modern kitchens and bifold doors to the reduced (see next item) gardens. 


Land between 15c and 17 Constable Road. Two modern houses, again with Corten steel on 

the facades, in what are the gardens of Thornbank. Parking, but no garages. These two 

developments bring five windfall dwellings with 25 bedrooms. 


34-54 Upper Orwell Street. The development of a terraced row of nine three-bedroomed 

three-storied houses was granted permission. The houses are well designed by Stan Beanland 

but it is a short-term solution to a longstanding problem. We should only comment on what is 

in front of us but it would surely have been better to await the purchase of number 36 and to 

negotiate the use of a piece of IBC-owned land north of number 34. Then the whole length of 

the site would have had one developer and, with a little less greed, the ground plan could have 

been for a lesser number of slightly shallower houses to allow more privacy from the car park, 

more amenity space and more room for bins and bikes. This would then have avoided the need 

to put a bin storage cupboard on the front of each property. 


26 Warrington Road. It’s always been a mystery why a previous owner was allowed to put a 

garage in the front room of this red brick double-fronted, 1890s detached house on the east side 

of the street. Thankfully, the new owner is going to rectify the indignity. 


Land opposite 289-299 Henley Road (the most northerly portion of the Ipswich Garden 

Suburb next to Sparrowes Farm). Permission has been granted to build 28 houses on this site, 

despite reservations concerning the design and layout as well as the landscaping and tree 

management. However, these can be dealt with at the Reserved Matters stage in the future. 


Land east of Henley Road and north of the railway.  

This is the detailed application by Crest Nicholson for the Ipswich Garden Suburb (IGS) 

Country Park. A few points from Ms Rosemary Claxton’s presentation – the Borough officer 

whose sole job it is to deal with the IGS – show that it will be a great addition to our green 

spaces. Some short lengths of hedge will be lost, cut-throughs for cycle/pedestrian paths. These 

paths will be low-lit, 3 metres wide tarmac, one south-north, a continuation of the Fonnereau 

Way and one west-east from Henley Road to Westerfield station. In addition there will be 

pedestrian-only paths, including a 2.75 km circular walk on grass and compressed gravel. 

There will be areas of planting, shrubs and large deciduous trees. They are aware of the 

existence of elm trees and hedgerows and will do their very best to retain them. The park will 

be managed by IBC’s Parks Department and the rights of way by Suffolk County Council. 


The proposals were received with acclamation by the committee and passed unanimously. Let 

us hope Crest’s good intentions do not flounder on their usual altar of engineered cost savings. 


Appeals 

These appeals have been won: there will be no large distracting disfiguring digital 

advertisement panels (giant TVs) in the garages at the Bramford Road/ Chevalier Street 

junction, nor at the Shell garage on London Road opposite Sainsbury’s. However, the inspector 

accepted that the 15 metre 5G monopole close to the railway bridge on Albion Hill, 

Woodbridge Road would not be an imposition. 


Ipswich Local Plan 2018-2036. The Planning Inspectors’ report of their review completed 

eighteen months ago has been published. The two inspectors agree that Ipswich Borough 

Council has fulfilled its Duty to Cooperate with adjoining Local Planning Authorities on many 

matters and policies; this was the subject of marked criticism in the inspector’s report on the 

Examination in Public. At the request of IBC there have been many major modifications to the 

wording to ensure effectiveness and clarity. There are no major policy changes. 


The plan, as accepted, states that 8,280 new dwellings will be constructed by 2036; 3,250 on 

the Ipswich Garden Suburb and 650 (with East Suffolk Council) north-east of Humber Doucy 

Lane. Figures show that windfall sites are coming in at 105 dwellings a year compared with an 

expected 50; in the last three years there have been 971 completions compared with an 

expected 900. This does mean that IBC can say that it has sufficient land and policies and 

allocated sites for dwellings. Developers will no longer be able to say, ‘you must grant 

permission to us to build because you haven't got a sufficient land supply’. 

If you wish to read more – it's only a hundred pages – here’s the link :- 

https://www.ipswich.gov.uk/sites/www.ipswich.gov.uk/files/ipswich_local_plan_review_report_-_final_report.pdf 


Land to south of railway and east of Westerfield Road. The site is bounded to the south by 

Bromeswell Road, to the east by Tuddenham, Road, to the north by Westerfield Station and the 

railway and to the west by Westerfield Road. It surrounds Red House Farm on three sides but 

does not include it. 


I shall report more fully on this large application in due course. 

Mike Cook 


See also Mike’s report on the Henley Gate Community Liaison Group meetings, page 14. –Ed. 


Ethel’s album 

Several years ago I inherited a family photo album. The photographer was my maternal grandmother, Ethel Hewitt 

(née Edwards) 1895-1973, and the photos were taken between 1909 and 1922.


Ethel had an elder sister, Kate (aka Kit) 1894-1927, and a younger brother, Bernard 1911-1999. Their father was 

John Edwards 1866-1950 who was the co-founder of the firm J&J Edwards, gentleman’s outfitters of Tavern Street together with his brother James.


Their mother was Ada Edwards (née Popplewell) 1870-1956 and the family lived at 22 Tuddenham Road, Ipswich. 


1.    Ethel’s self-portrait


2. Bernard in his pushchair April 1913 with a flock of sheep in Christchurch Park. Is this how the council maintained the greensward? The houses in the background would be in Westerfield Road. 


3. This photo is annotated ‘Christchurch Park Donkey and Kate feeding him’,  June 1911. 


4. This photo is annotated ‘Ransomes No.6 out on a test without a body. Miss Rose and Kit wired this up on their 

own’ and is dated March 18 1918. 


5. 3 photos in 1. Bottom left September 29 1911; bottom right December 30 1911. 


6. Picnic at Framlingham. Bottom L&R Ada, Bernard, Kate and John Edwards. 


7. Wool Pack Inn. This is annotated ‘Kate, Kathleen and Margaret snapped on the tree trunk before a set of tennis’ June 17 1915. 


8. A Picnic at Orwell September 5  (1917?) from left Kate, Bernard and  John Edwards, Mary Popplewell,  John Popplewell and Ada Edwards. 


The Cenotaph with the Butter Market beyond. It bears the words: 'For the fallen;

Snow scene: Christchurch Park, December 1920 by the Wilderness Pond.


The final photo shows the premises of J&J Edwards at 33-35, Tavern St (note the 2 small girls in their white dresses standing in front of the shop) and on the back of the photo it states: ‘2 little girls are Ethel and Kate Edwards. This would be early 1900s’.


Photograph of J&J Edwards shop and the information on the W. Popplewell & Son business came from the family archive held by John Edwards.


Ethel’s maternal grandparents were John (1840-1928) and Mary (1844-1933) Popplewell and 

they lived at 49 Bolton Lane – see the photograph 8 on page 7: ‘A Picnic at Orwell’. John ran a 

business which had been started by his father in Woodbridge Road called W. Popplewell & Son. 

Originally selling bicycles, they then progressed to motor cycles and later cars. On a receipt of 

the 1920s they describe themselves as ‘Cycle and Motor Cycle Agents for Sunbeams, Singers, 

Rovers, Triumphs, Calcotts and Auto-Wheels’. On a receipt of 1935 they are then main agents 

for ‘A.J.S., B.S.A., Douglas and Triumph Motor Cycles. Austin and Triumph Car Agents’. 


In April 1921 there is the first photograph of a young man named Cyril Hewitt, 1898-1978, and 

he appears with increasing frequency until the final photo in the album which is dated September 

1922. He and Ethel married in July 1923. Cyril took over, from his father, the running of the 

family grocery business, W. Hewitt & Son of 23-25, Upper Brook Street until it closed in, I 

believe, 1969. 


Regarding J&J Edwards (photograph 11), Bernard joined the family business and continued to 

run the firm after his father retired. It was a popular and successful shop with a highly regarded 

reputation before it eventually closed in January 1968. 

Michael Atkinson 


Yoxman 

You might be surprised to learn that Suffolk has a statue to rival The Angel of the North. Yoxman 

stands tall alongside the A12 just north of Yoxford.  At nearly eight metres tall he is taller than 

the ridge on a two-storey house. He’s a big guy weighing in at eight tonnes. Sculptor Lawrence 

Edmunds spent four years hand crafting, casting and welding the fifty sections of the statue, each 

a large sheet of bronze, all carried out in the unlikely surroundings of Halesworth Business Park. 


Yoxman stands in a meadow in front of the 16th century, Grade I listed Cockfield Hall, clearly visible from a lay-by on the A12.  Installed in November 2021 by the spring the meadow will be grazed by longhorn cattle, rubbing up 

against the statue and polishing everything they touch.  Lawrence Edwards suggests this  will add to the patination of  the statue. 

John Norman 

Photograph by John Norman


My time in the Tax Office  


I enjoyed reading Graham Day’s piece in the October 2021 Newsletter (Issue 227) describing 

his time working for the Ipswich 1 Tax Office at St Clare House, Greyfriars. I was Christine 

Pyman then, and worked there from 1968 until 1976 and was part of the new district 3 that 

occupied the second and third floors.


I left Northgate Grammar School after my ‘O’ levels and wanted to go to art college but I was 

persuaded to ‘get a proper job’ and went for a Civil Service job interview ending up in the 

Inland Revenue, probably because I said I liked numbers. The pay was good and I began as a 

Tax Officer in the PAYE section. No computers in those days, of course, and we needed filing 

clerks like Steve as there were files stored in racks and each taxpayer had a ‘concard’ with all 

their details. All tax officers were given certain sections of the alphabet to look after and I was 

allocated employees working for companies beginning with E and F so looked after Fisons and 

Felixstowe Dock & Railway Company amongst others.


I do have fond memories of working there: the lovely tea ladies who looked after us and one in 

particular who I think was called Rose. She used to rattle along with her trolley full of goodies 

to tempt us, especially the scones – they were delicious. I also remember the evening overtime 

sessions when we were served up a very limited but welcome menu of  ham, egg and chips. I 

have no memory of watching the illicit football matches that Graham mentioned, probably 

because we didn’t have the view that Ipswich 1 had up there on the 5th floor!


I was in my teens and loved making and buying clothes and spent my spare cash in the 

wonderful boutique called Abacus situated somewhere at the base of St Clare House near the 

roundabout. Very fond memories of going there to choose my outfit for the annual tax office 

Dinner and Dance at the Cavendish Hotel in Felixstowe.


I was promoted to Tax Officer Higher Grade at some time and packed off to Stanmore in 

Middlesex to do my training. I would have been able to rise to the lofty status of Inspector Of 

Taxes if I had stayed on but I didn’t feel that it was the career for me, my creative side had 

been unfulfilled.


I left the Tax Office in 1976 to have a family and started a machine knitwear business ‘Chrissy 

Norman Knitwear’ with my husband in the early eighties making all those animal jumpers that 

were so popular then. The shop was based in Woodbridge Road opposite Barclays Bank. This 

kept us busy for a few years and we then started up ‘Rumbles’ Sandwich Bar in Queen Street 

and ran it until 1995.


Since then I have finally concentrated on being an artist specialising in 

printmaking, in particular etching and I am a member of Sudbourne 

Park Printmakers, a community of artists based near Orford.


One postscript to mention: when I left the Inland Revenue I had the 

option of taking all my pension contributions in a lump sum or leaving 

it all in or taking some and leaving some. I did the latter and had 

forgotten about it but was pleasantly surprised to find out when I was 

60 that my meagre pension sum had been index-linked and had grown 

into a reasonable amount – more than enough to keep me in pencils!

Chrissy Norman


‘London plane’ etching by Chrissy Norman


The Guild of Our Lady 

In the January 2022 Ipswich Society Newsletter [Issue 228] the article The shrine of Our Lady of 

Ipswich by Fr John Thackray referred to the medieval shrine and the establishment of the Guild 

of Our Lady of Grace in 1977. I am now the only person left around who was at the very first 

meeting which led to the formation of that Guild. 


Stanley Smith, a parishioner of St Pancras Church in Tacket Street, took a large group from 

Ipswich on a pilgrimage to Rome in 1975. He had been researching the origins of the Ipswich 

shrine, leading to the publication of his book, The Madonna of Ipswich (now out of print). We 

cannot know whether he or John Blatchly was correct. However, Stanley believed that because 

the Nettuno statue had a silver shoe, as did the Ipswich one, and had an inscription which could 

only make sense if it said ‘Thou art gracious’ in old English (hence Our Lady of Grace) it was 

likely to be authentic. Thus, his pilgrims spent a day in Nettuno, Italy, where they were given a 

wonderful civic reception and taken to the church where the statue now resides. 


One of the pilgrims was Dr Maire Heley, another St Pancras parishioner, well known to many in 

the town as the senior partner of the Woodbridge Road medical practice. She was clearly 

impressed by the Nettuno visit; in July 1977 she and Stanley called a meeting at her home of a 

few local Anglicans and Catholics. I was one of them. Their aim was to pray for Christian unity 

and to re-establish the shrine. We were all very enthusiastic and the Guild was soon established.  

In those days it was totally lay led, not only by Anglicans and Catholics but soon joined also  

by Methodists. 


The big event was on 8 September 1978, a ‘pilgrimage walk’ starting near to Wolsey’s Gate and 

going through the town to Lady Lane, where the shrine once stood. It was 450 years to the day 

after the walk planned by Cardinal Wolsey along that exact route from his college to the shrine; 

in fact, they had a rehearsal on 7 September but the 8 September was ‘a day of foul weather’ and 

it did not take place. We have walked that route every year since and have Sculpture in Lady Lane 

never been rained off! by Robert Mellamphy


Much more mundane activities in those days focused both on ecumenism and concern for the sick. Our Lady’s Clock allowed members to choose a time, even in the middle of the night, when they would pray the Guild Prayer (which Dr Heley and I composed) for unity of Christians and devotion to Mary, Our Lady of Grace. Small groups visited the sick or housebound monthly, to pray with them.  A quarterly magazine had a variety of articles with contributors from a wide range of churchmanship. Much more ambitious were pilgrimages to Nettuno in May around the Feast Day of The English Lady (i.e. the statue they believe came from Ipswich). These included huge processions with the statue, endless courses of delicious food and terrific firework displays. We even took a group of Ipswich primary children one year. 


As time went by, initial members died (including Stanley) but activities remained, with Dr Heley always a key figure. Her funeral, on the second day of the first lockdown, marked the end of an era. We are now re-emerging with a new team and invite readers to our celebration of twenty years since our own statue was installed in St Mary Elms church. Just as on that day, at the service at 11am on 26 March there will be representatives not only from a variety of Christian traditions but also from the Muslim community. Details of a variety of imaginative activities to take place over the next year will be revealed on that day. 

Jean M. Johnson 


The bridge on the river? Telford got it completely right! 

Growing up ‘Over Stoke’, the view from my back bedroom window of our house on an elevated 

position of Rectory Road, halfway up the steep Station Street hill, was of the chimneys and 

structure  of the coal-fired Ipswich power station at the end of Cliff Quay. I could see past the 

power station, where cormorants used to fish off the coaling jetties, past Freston Reach, and 

towards Pin Mill. 

The Ipswich power station was sanctioned in 1939, with construction commencing in 1945, and 

final commissioning for electricity generation in 1949. It suffered a disastrous fire in 1982 and 

was finally closed in 1985. It was a familiar sight for me, particularly when bird-watching along 

Freston Reach, when I wondered precisely what the  processes were inside the building. I never 

managed to go on a tour inside, but a friend’s father had retired from being an engineer there, so I 

learnt a little. It was finally demolished in 1994, a spectacle watched by hundreds of people along 

the river shore. 

After getting married and leaving home in 1978, I used to regularly visit my mother at Rectory 

Road. After many years of planning, the long awaited Ipswich Southern By-pass was being 

created, and as part and parcel of the scheme a new road bridge was being constructed across the 

River Orwell at Freston Reach to carry the road. The view from my old back bedroom window 

was fantastic, particularly when cranes on barges were lifting into place the 18 spans which 

would constitute the structure of the bridge. My late mother was enthralled and excited about 

what was happening. Every time I visited we would look out of the window at the work in ‘real 

time’ or, if not, she would update me on the progress. It also gave her a positive outlook in her 

final years, replacing the sometimes prevalent memories of raiding German aircraft following the 

route of the Orwell to unleash their deadly cargo on the docks and engineering works of Ipswich. 

Fast forward to the current times, and the dire situation posed by lockdowns during the 

pandemic. When one is unable to do ‘normal activities’ to fill up the available time, other jobs 

are suggested and are tackled, often with surprising results. While loft-clearing, an Ipswich 

Evening Star supplement of 16th December 1982 relating to the Orwell Bridge fluttered down 

through the trapdoor. By that stage it had been constructed with the official opening very much 

on the horizon. Some interesting facts emerge. 

I can recall the proposals to accept ‘overspill’ population from London to expand the town. 

Shankland Cox Associates were appointed consultant architects and they proposed two options: 

one a linear town along the banks of the Orwell to Felixstowe and the other development to the 

south of the town in the Wherstead/Belstead area. As part of an assignment for my fifth year 

examinations, I somehow managed to secure an interview with a member of the consultant’s staff 

who told me about the project brief and more details of the proposals. 

The supplement states that: ‘since the war the expansion of Ipswich has been hampered by the 

lack of an efficient communication system round and within the town. In the early 1960s the 

Vincent report was the first of many expansion planning reports on how and where expansion 

would happen. With monotonous regularity, these reports were prepared, reported on, studied, 

debated, and then consigned to files or waste paper baskets as Whitehall policies changed. 

‘The Orwell bridge idea was born in a Cliff Quay office of Fisons at a meeting of the transport 

committee of the Ipswich Chamber of Commerce and Shipping in 1965. At the time Ipswich had 

suffered another of many enquiries into its development and in this one, a particularly silly idea 

was mooted – proposing to infill a section of the dock by the lock gates and run an internal main 

traffic route over it. This would have had the effect of isolating the inner dock area, including  

Cranfields, Pauls and Whites and the south-west quay.’ 

The Chairman of the Transport Committee was Fisons transport manager, Mr H.C. Chandler. He 

recalled that: ‘during  a routine lunchtime examination of our shipping and transport position I 

had this matter very much in mind and, from the bridge of one of the ships, I had an excellent 

view down-river with the high ground at Wherstead in the background, the view south of Cliff 

Quay power station showed up markedly. The thought occurred: a bridge somewhere around this 

area might provide the solution. The ability to pick up Felixstowe dock traffic and by-pass 

Ipswich was immediately apparent, plus the opportunity to spur off and pick up our own dock 

and industrial traffic.’ 


In 1966 the Chamber of Commerce issued its report upon the consultant’s proposals and the 

bridge concept was fully backed. It was eventually decided that the River Orwell should be 

bridged and not tunnelled under. In 1980 the exact route of the southern by-pass was decided 

after a public inquiry. I can remember seeing plans of the route options for the Southern By-pass. 

I believe that the preferred route was as exists now, but prior to the public inquiry it appeared that 

the Ipswich Borough Council had purchased potential housing land in the Bobbits Hole area with 

the intention perhaps of achieving a route of the by-pass at a point nearer to Capel St Mary!  


The route of the new  road serving the bridge (the A45, later the A14) had to be adjusted in the 

Seven Hills area of Foxhall/ Nacton, to avoid a bronze age burial ground, of which there were 

possibly as many as 14 tumuli. The £10.2 million south-eastern section of the Ipswich Southern 

By-pass was diverted to avoid a very visible mound, designated 007, which averaged 100 feet in 

diameter. It was estimated that the mound-builders lived between 2000BC and 1500BC. 


Why ‘Seven Hills’? There are other ‘Seven Hills’ between Ingham and Great Livermere, near to 

Bury St Edmunds and another near Brettenham, in Norfolk. Others exist in Berkshire and 

Hampshire. The archaeological Field Officer, Mr Martin, suggested that the ‘seven’ did not relate 

to the number of long barrows on  the cemetery site, but that the number had a special 

significance for the Anglo-Saxons: a breach of the peace by seven or more men was considered 

to be an act of war and not an act of private violence. This also brings to mind the Biblical ‘seven 

years of plenty and seven years of dearth’. This has neatly answered a long standing question of 

mine regarding the name of the interchange which was built here! 


Construction work started from the east bank of the Orwell by driving foundations deep into the 

river bed, and slightly later from the west bank with eventually the concrete foundations rising up 

from the river bed like motionless guardsmen. Then the bridge itself began to take shape with the 

first sections of the 18-span box girder structure being lifted into place. Although the 

construction was well underway it apparently was ‘not yet impressive enough to quieten local 

people who are not convinced even at this time that they want a bridge across the Orwell’. When 

the final sections were lifted into place, a bystander, measuring with his eye, thought that the two 

ends would not meet – an optical trick as it happened. The chief engineer on the bridge project  

was Mr Sydney Telford, so there could be no error. The internal structure of the bridge is also a 

viaduct and an aqueduct, as it contains a steel pipe carrying a flow of up to eight million gallons 

of purified and treated water from Alton Water for domestic and commercial use in Ipswich and 

Felixstowe. Whilst construction was in progress several ‘finds’ were made – a sarsen stone 

(initially thought to be an unexploded bomb), shark teeth and the indentures of an apprentice 

doctor, in a canvas bag. The last of these was some 200 years old at that time; it had been 

probably thrown overboard from a ship leaving Ipswich as perhaps the apprentice had some 

second thoughts about a medical career. 


The Orwell Bridge was finally opened by the Secretary of State for Transport, David Howells 

MP, on Friday 17th December 1982. The preceding Sunday some 5,000 people were able to walk 

across the bridge before it was opened, many raising money for charity by their endeavours. As 

explained by the Evening Star: ‘the thorn in the side of politicians and planners – the Ipswich 

traffic bottleneck will be eased tomorrow – the official ceremony will take place at 11.30am near 

the A143 Wherstead Road interchange at the Orwell Bridge. It will be followed at 1.30pm with 

the public opening, when traffic will be able to use it for the first time’.


It was also recognised that the bridge would benefit drivers  going to the coast, but also regional 

traffic, around-town drivers and home-owners – who would notice a vast difference on the streets 

of Ipswich. The original expectation was that the western section of the by-pass, the bridge, 

would be able to accommodate some 22,000 vehicles a day. To use this, the largest pre-stressed 

concrete bridge in the UK, there would be no toll charges, and this situation has mercifully  

never changed. 


However, high as the bridge is, the project manager, a Mr Lewis, stated that ‘compared to the 

high bridges and westerly winds in the west of England and in Scotland, in relative terms, there 

should be no particular wind problems’. In the event of there being high winds, provision had 

been made for tall vehicles to be diverted. As we all know, bridge closures over the years have 

caused traffic chaos with the town and resultant economic impact. Hopefully, now that there are 

options to reduce speeds on the bridge in high winds, threats to closure will be reduced. But who 

really knows as the changing climate in the UK often causes unexpected problems? In Orwell 

bridge terms, this was probably not considered to be significant almost forty years ago. 

From conception to completion of construction was a period of ten years. Although the traffic 

situation in Ipswich itself has worsened over the years, it would  have been next to impossible 

had the bridge not been constructed. When approaching the town from the Shotley direction the 

sight of the bridge is still impressive and a really graceful structure across the Orwell. 

I would have hoped that either the ruby anniversary of the bridge opening, or even the silver 

anniversary, was marked or celebrated in some way. We must never be careless of our history. 

Claude Monet once said: ‘My garden is my most beautiful masterpiece’. The Orwell Bridge 

nearly forty years on is still a beautiful, inspiring masterpiece. As for Mr Telford: ‘Didn’t he  

do well!’.  


Graham Day 


Don’t forget the 77 images in the Ipswich Orwell Bridge Album in our online Image Archive.


Henley Gate Community Liaison Group 


I am attending the meetings of this group on behalf of The Ipswich Society; most of the 

members are neighbourhood councillors with some other interested parties represented. So far 

the meetings have been held remotely. At our last meeting, which are held bi-monthly, Andrew 

Owen for Crest Nicolson brought us up to date on the progress of the development. 


The Country Park works in six phases: phase one will start at the beginning of March and last 

for 16 weeks, to complete by June 2022. The remaining phases will take until March 2024. It 

will be completed at about the same time as one hundred houses are occupied, probably over 

two years according to how sales proceed. 


The planning of the two bridges across the railway is proceeding satisfactorily. The legal 

agreement with Network Rail will hopefully be signed off in March; a planning application can 

be made soon afterwards. 


They will be prefabricated off-site and delivered by truck and crane for fixing to prepared 

foundation with planned completion by March 2023.  Crest Nicolson are paying Network Rail 

£160,000 for an upgrade to Westerfield station so that access routes should be safe. 

Mike Cook 


The Ipswich boy who ruled the country 

The opening years of this decade mark 550 years since the birth of the most famous son of 

Ipswich. Thomas Wolsey (c.1472 to 1530 – his date of birth is uncertain) was the son of an 

Ipswich butcher* and he was blessed with academic brilliance, rapacious ambition and, until the 

end of his life, good fortune. His birthplace was probably a house in St Nicholas Street (or St 

Nicholas Church Lane), long since demolished, at the corner of a passage into the churchyard – 

although the site of The Black Horse has also been suggested. It’s a matter of opinion which of Wolsey's characteristics was more responsible for his rise to become first minister of Henry VIII, and his chief political 

confidant, but once he had got to the top, he had a lot to offer. 


He was perhaps the finest ministerial mind England ever had until at least the 19th century. He was obsessional in his micro-management of affairs of state and refusal to delegate; his overwork was to take its toll on his 

health over a long period. In many ways, Wolsey led a charmed life. The young Wolsey benefited greatly from the patronage of the rich and powerful who recognised his gifts and potential. His education was promoted by his uncle, Edmund Daundy, and he secured the scholarship to Ipswich Grammar School, a bequest of Tudor merchant, Richard Felaw. Then, at an unusually early age, he studied theology at Magdalen College, Oxford. As his power increased he collected ecclesiastical titles and properties like stamps and enjoyed the finest luxuries. His greed accounts for his later corpulence and contributed to his poor health.


He went from being a royal chaplain to the Bishop of Lincoln, then became Archbishop of York and finally Lord Chancellor of England. He also became Cardinal Wolsey, Papal Legate whose authority from the 

Pope in some respects went beyond that of King Henry VIII himself. Wolsey began building Hampton Court Palace in 1514, and carried on making improvements throughout the 1520s. Descriptions record rich 

tapestry-lined apartments; a visitor had to traverse eight rooms before finding his audience chamber. He always embraced the trappings and rituals which people expected of a man of power, they also satisfied his vanity.


His passion for education influenced his endowments to ‘Cardinal’s College’, today’s Christ Church College in Oxford. He then turned his attention and wealth to the establishment of a college dedicated to St Mary 

The Virgin in his home town to act as a feeder college to Oxford. He seized the Church of St Peter to be used as the college chapel, which was eventually only returned to the parish through the good offices of Wolsey’s right-hand man and successor, Thomas Cromwell. The College was virtually complete to high standards of building and materials, but within two years was forfeit to the King, as was Hampton Court and all Wolsey’s estate. The only trace we have of the College is the much-eroded Watergate, still to be seen on today’s College Street where the riverbank would have been.  


Cardinal Wolsey was accused, after his death, of imagining himself the equal of sovereigns; his fall from power was seen as a natural consequence of arrogance and overarching ambition. Much of this can be seen as black propaganda spread by his enemies, now that Wolsey was out of the way of their own ambitions. Yet Wolsey was also a diligent statesman, who worked hard to translate Henry VIII’s own dreams and mercurial ambitions into effective domestic and foreign policy. When he failed to do so, most notably when Henry’s plans to divorce Katherine of Aragon were thwarted by Katherine herself and the Pope, his fall from favour was swift and final. In 1530 Thomas Wolsey died on his way to a possible final and fatal meeting with royal wrath, at Leicester Abbey.


Over the fourteen years of his chancellorship, Cardinal Wolsey had more power than any other Crown servant in English history. As long as he was in the king’s favour, Wolsey had a large amount of freedom within the domestic sphere, and had a hand in nearly every aspect of its ruling. For much of the time, Henry VIII had complete confidence in him and, as Henry's interests inclined more towards foreign policy, he was willing to give his Lord Chancellor free rein in reforming the management of domestic affairs, for which Wolsey had grand plans in the fields of taxation, justice and church reforms.


Thomas Wolsey was a unique cocktail of merits and failings – perhaps this lay at the very heart of his extraordinary success. Was he likeable? Would we have admired or feared him? How is he remembered today? I recently read an excellent biography of the man – and there are a number of such books available – John Matusiak’s Wolsey: the life of King Henry VIII's cardinal (History Press, 2014) which reads like a novel and is most enlightening. Copies are available from Suffolk Libraries. Hilary Mantel’s Wolf Hall, later dramatised for television shows us a Wolsey towards the end of his power (and life). The only known painting of Wolsey by Sampson Strong was made at least sixty years after his death – it may have been a copy of a contemporary portrait. It now hangs in Christ Church College, Oxford. All subsequent images of the cardinal are based on this unflattering profile. We don’t really know what he looked like; and, in fact, he called himself ‘Wulcy’… An enigma.

R.G.


Problems, problems, problems:  

the public viewing area, New Cut West and the Griffin Wharf branch 


I was at the virtual Suffolk Local Access Forum* meeting on 27 January where these problems 

were discussed. The parties involved are working to find a solution acceptable to all, hopefully 

one that allows the public space to open before the spring. 

[*Public Rights of Way committee meeting] 


Aggregate trains 

Goods are occasionally moved by rail from the Port of Ipswich, usually sand and gravel from 

Brett Aggregates on the West Bank to the North London Concrete plant. However, the frequency 

of trains is usually less than one per week. It is possible that some of the aggregate for Sizewell C 

will travel by rail along this track; in that case, the frequency of trains will increase. A suitable 

sustainable method of moving heavy materials,,, until you read of the difficulties the train track causes. 


Ipswich tidal barrier – Public viewing area 

At the far end of Bath Street, the eastern end where it adjoins New Cut West, there is a public 

open space: an opportunity to view the Flood barrier and to look across the open River Orwell, 

the old Cobbold Brewery, Cliff Quay and the Orwell Bridge. Except that it is closed, and has 

remained so since February 2019 when the landscaped viewing area was built by the 

Environment Agency as part of the flood defence works. 


To complicate matters, between the end of Bath Street and the public open space is an 

operational railway line, a line which runs from Halifax Junction across Wherstead Road and 

down an embankment onto Griffin Wharf. At the end of Bath Street, the line emerges from the 

right and runs along the quayside on the road, much as a tramline would occupy road space. The 

same rail line carries the Brett Aggregates away from the west bank. 


The road is New Cut West (a Byway Open to All Traffic), a Public Right of Way maintained by 

Suffolk County Council. It is illegal to obstruct the public highway unless temporary permission 

has been granted. In this case a Scaffold licence which allows for the hoardings and associated 

building works. This licence, having been extended on a number of occasions, expires in the 

spring of 2022. 


To complicate matters, railway safety requires suitable measures to be in place to prevent the 

public trespassing onto the railway, hence the hoardings.  Suffolk County Council’s Rights of 

Way officer wants the hoardings removed to restore the full width of the highway, Network Rail 

require a fence around the rail track to prevent public access and the rest of us simply want 

access to the viewing area. 


ABP, the landowner, and the county council have been in discussion since the flood barrier was 

completed trying to find a workable solution to the problem.  Other parties involved include 

Network Rail, ABP’s land agent, DB Cargo (the train operator) and Ipswich Borough Council – 

any permanent fence might require planning permission; a temporary solution will be regarded as 

an obstruction of the highway and Network Rail don’t want the public wandering across the rail 

track. Solutions on a postcard to the editor. 

John Norman 


Robert Mellamphy’s Sutton Hoo art work (see the back cover image) 

This fine painted relief work by the late Robert Mellamphy (known to Ipswich Society members for his works in Lady 

Lane and St Mary-at-Elms Church) recently found a home in The Longshed on Tide Mill Way, Woodbridge. The 

Woodbridge Riverside Trust (WRT) is the custodian of this work from the Mellamphy family. The Trust has recently 

installed the relief in their gallery and the organisation is, perhaps, best known for facilitating projects such as the first ever full-size reconstruction of the Sutton Hoo burial ship, which is being carried out by the Sutton Hoo Ship’s Company in the large area below the gallery. 


Do visit the Longshed and nearby museum. The former Whisstock’s boatyard has been developed for heritage and 

leisure purposes and includes a bar/restaurant and shops. The ship and relief can be viewed on Saturdays, Sundays and Bank Holidays between 11am and 1pm. 


Bryan Knibbs, Chair of the WRT, points out that the relief is in need of some conservation work and cleaning. Perhaps Ipswich Society members know of someone who could carry out this work for them.  


Street Scene returns next issue


Letters to the Editor 

A positive step forward in the renaissance of  Suffolk’s ‘New Brighton’ from Graham Day 

I was pleased to see that, just before Christmas 2021, it was announced that it is anticipated that once 

the pandemic permits, work will start on the redevelopment of the former HMS Naval Training 

establishment (HMS Ganges) at Shotley ‘Suffolk’s New Brighton’. 


The final reserved matters under the planning permission have now, apparently, been 

satisfactorily  concluded by the planning officers, and it is hoped that the redevelopment to 

provide 285 homes, a sports park, shops and medical facilities will commence in the very  

near future. 


The Ganges training establishment was opened in 1904, finally closing in 1976. My first and 

only visit took place with a youth group in 1972; the naval cadet who showed us round 

memorably explained that he had joined the Navy to see the world and importantly, to improve 

his social opportunities with young ladies. Unfortunately, as far as he was concerned, neither of 

those important things had happened. 


The iconic training mast on the site was in situ for many years after closure; when I was growing 

up I marvelled at the skill of the recruits to climb the rigging on the mast during displays on the 

parade ground. I looked on with incredulity when probably the smallest and lightest recruit 

became the “ button boy”, standing as I thought perilously on the small ‘button’ platform of the 

masts top. A triumph of discipline over fear. Never for me, I thought. However, the mast was 

sometimes climbed by those who were not in the Navy. In his book The life and times of 

Southwold’s Town Crier Mr John Barber recounted an occasion when he went, as an active RNLI 

crew man, on a radio/wireless  communication course at HMS Ganges. Somehow, they obtained 

permission to climb the mast, and once they had fitted the correct shoes they attempted to climb 

it, one man getting   close to the top which was ‘a heck of an achievement given his age’. 

The mast was the most iconic symbol  of HMS Ganges, and recognised around the world. 

However, in 1995 whilst working in Surrey, by chance I found the mast of a former HMS Ganges 

behind Guildford Cathedral. It had been formed in the shape of  a cross, and erected on the 

prominent hill where the splendid Art Deco cathedral was built in the 1930s. Mast symbolism 

indeed. 


Over the years since closure, the site has seen many proposals for development, including in the 

1970s a suggestion that it could be used as a training school for foreign paratroopers. However, 

finally it looks as though the dereliction and decay is finally going to be replaced by a project 

which will breathe more life into Shotley. Hopefully also, some better premises will be found for 

the excellent HMS Ganges Museum where the existing comprehensive collection of memorabilia 

and artefacts will be able to be more effectively displayed, thereby making them more accessible. 

The Museum deserves this. 


With the completion of the restoration of Shotley Pier, and the redevelopment of the Ganges site, 

Suffolk’s ‘New Brighton’ will become even more of a destination in the future. A real 

renaissance indeed. 


Early days of a Building Society from Margaret Hancock (Archivist, Suffolk Building 

Society*) 


As Corporate members of the Ipswich Society, we were interested to read Derek Lay’s article in 

the last newsletter about his employment at R W Paul Ltd in the 1950’s. His recollection of 

pushing a trolley laden with printed leaflets from Key Street to the Post Office Sorting Office is 

one example of the complete transformation of office work within living memory. It reminded us 

of another change in practices that even came as a surprise to expert archivists at Suffolk Record 

Office when our extensive business archive was placed on permanent loan some years ago.  


Retained amongst our collection of minute books, cash books and other handwritten ledgers is a 

rather insignificant looking notebook. This contains lists of members passbooks despatched and 

received at Head Office in Ipswich between 1959 and 1963 from the Society’s network of agents. 

In those pre-computer days passbooks had to be manually updated annually with interest earned 

on savings or due on mortgage accounts. Staff needed to work overtime for around three months 

at the end of each financial year to complete the work. 


What is even more remarkable is the method used to transfer these passbooks from numerous 

agents across Suffolk, North Essex and Norwich. A now retired staff member recalls walking 

across to the office at Old Cattle Market bus depot to deposit and collect envelopes full of 

passbooks for transportation via the local bus network.  

All sorts of parcels were delivered in this way; a town centre fishmonger regularly sent fresh fish 

to the cook at Kesgrave Hall with her young son sent to collect if from the conductor as the bus 

travelled along the main road to Woodbridge!  

The development of branch offices across Suffolk (beginning in 1979 at Hadleigh) has removed 

the Society’s need for a large network of agent – thankfully before the demise of bus conductors 

and reduction in local bus services! 


[*The new name for Ipswich Building Society. ‘Providing a safe home for savers and safe homes for our communities since 1849. Our new name is inclusive, connecting to a broader community – and it’s an old name to stay true to our roots.’] 


Archive photographs of  the building society  (courtesy Suffolk Building Society)


My father’s time at Pauls from Tony Grayston (re: Derek Lay’s article in the January issue) 


I found Mr Lay's article of interest as Pauls figured in my life until 1965, although only vicariously, as my Dad was employed there as a Fitter from the time of his demob from the RAF in 1950 until 1965; Dad had served in the RAF for 15 years having begun his career as a Halton 'Brat' in 1935 at age 15 years. Dad was proud of his RAF service, the worst time he experienced being the hell of Malta where he served for the whole time of the siege and was hospitalised with lung and sinus problems having ingested the air - borne chalk caused by the incessant bombing. So now to a less idealised view ofworking for Pauls because for those on the shop floor, so to speak, their working lives in many ways mirrored, and for Dad particularly, the conditions of dust and filth he experienced during his Malta RAF days.


The job Dad had at Pauls, was in 1950, the only job he could get, even with the service background he had (he was an accomplished mathematician - entry to Halton was rigorous and only took the best practical and bright boys pre-war). I too was at Northgate from 1958 to 1964 and Dad (a tough taskmaster), was always there to help with homework and especially Maths which I loathed.


The groups of non-office workers were not encouraged to visit the main office on any account, any complaints if they were fielded, had to pass up the chain of command and were most often 'lost' along the way. There were some highly skilled people in what I would regard as Dickensian conditions - no Union representation, no pension fund (unlike those in the main office) and if they were lucky sick pay at the company's discretion.


Paul's was one of three companies in Ipswich 'Blacked' by the Unions, the only other one I remember being Cranes. If Dad was fortunate he would be able to draw 'Mutton Cloth' from the stores to tie around his mouth as a mask or filter to keep out the filthy muck in which the labour force had to work and he almost always turned up on his bicycle at his mother's house in James Street in filthy overalls which he removed of course before entering the house and then returning to work after dinner (Suffolk version), at about 1:45pm. There was no Health and Safety legislation in place, only the well outdated Factory Acts which were basic and outmoded. The pay for Dad was pitiful as no Union representation meant the company could pay the lowest rate they could get away with and we were 'lucky' that his general dealer background enabled him, though having to work in our shed at Whitehouse in all seasons, to subsidise his meagre wages and eventually, after my sister and myself left Northgate in 1964 to use his outside skills to go into business and make a decent living for himself.


Thank goodness that, at a short time before Dad left the company's employ, a more enlightened member of the Paul family arrived on the scene and over a relatively short period of time conditions of service for the non-office staff were improved considerably.


R&W Paul’s ’Kositos’ from David J. Norman

I read the article [Issue 228] by Derek Lay about his time at R.&W. Paul with interest. I wondered 

about how the term ‘KOSITOS’ originated. As a very young boy my family used to visit my 

maternal grandparents who owned a farm in Mendham, Suffolk during the 1960s. They had a 

herd of cows who used to consume Kositos.  I  used to enjoy eating it  as well.  Older,  ‘wiser’ 

relatives advised me that rats could have been around the Kositos before me. I have suffered no ill 

effects from the experience during the intervening years. 


Ipswich Museum and the new funding from David Jones 


I wonder what the Ipswich Society’s thinking is on the proposed alterations to the interior of 

the High Street Museum as depicted in the Ipswich Star? I have a particular interest in the 

museum because I worked as Keeper of Human History there for 38 years and have written a 

detailed history of its development in manuscript. The Museum is a listed Grade II* building 

and therefore its interior is protected.


As you probably know the Main Hall of the Museum was built to accommodate the displays of 

the previous 1848 Museum Street building and re-used the existing showcases from the old 

(Arlingtons) museum moving them with original displays into position, including all the balcony 

showcases. Thus the displays are older than the building and represent the original display 

scheme of the Reverend Professor Henslow who, together with the eighty leading natural 

scientists of the day, created the original museum  which represents the breakthrough in Victorian 

natural science which culminated with Charles Darwin. 

  

For those of you who are less familiar with the Professor’s story he was Darwin’s mentor, the 

man who got him his place on HMS Beagle, who collected and sorted Darwin’s specimens as 

they arrived in England and who supported him through the controversies which followed. It was 

Henslow who chaired the famous Oxford ‘monkey’ debate. In that debate the speaker for Darwin 

was T.H. Huxley. Henslow had got Huxley his place on his first scientific expedition on board 

HMS Rattlesnake. This display and its underlying principals represented the peak of museum 

planning at the time and is connected to the complex struggle which led to the creation of the 

South Kensington Natural History Museum. They were opened by the British Association for the 

Advancement of Science by Prince Albert at the meeting which planned the Great Exhibition. 

The Main Hall is a clear example of  one of the triad of unique Victorian buildings, the railway 

station, the department store and the museum, all dependant on the same building technology of 

cast iron and plate glass. It is a clear illustration of Henslow's theories and his great drive towards 

making science education available to all. 

The Hall is not completely unchanged. Between 1904-7 the Curator Woolnough, alongside the 

President of the Museum, E. Ray Lankester, Director of the Natural History museum – also a 

friend of H.G.Wells and Karl Marx and depicted by Conan Doyle as Professor Challenger – 

added the gorillas, the rhino, the giraffe and some other larger mammals; he also repaired the 

African case. 

After that however the displays, remain unchanged until 1989-1990, when the front half of the 

Main Hall was remodelled. Many of the specimens which had been displayed together in the 

Main Hall of the old museum and later in High Street are still on display elsewhere in the 

museum or are currently in store. Some of the Victorian showcases  have also been moved 

around the buildings. As well as the original voucher specimens of the museum much of the 

original scientific and early educational equipment used by Henslow and other early curators and 

even early office equipment are preserved. The remarkable series of eighty portraits of the 

original members of he museum and of its early presidents and patrons are dispersed through the 

galleries and stores. 

There are two clear options for the display of the Main Hall. The first is to actually go with its 

unique story, that of Henslow, Victorian natural science and the history of a museum, to highlight 

its Victorian features, and communicate the story using a combination of modern display and the 

existing period displays. It is true that the whole gallery is not Victorian. This allows the 

remaining half to interpret the whole story in an engaging and contemporary fashion. 


The alternative is to ‘modernise’ and hide its Victorian aspect beneath an attempt to create a 

white box and the display approach of a modern art gallery; that is, to make it as far as possible 

resemble all contemporary museums everywhere else, which is what the illustrations of the 

Ipswich Star depict. I have always thought that Ipswich Museum is a priceless, unique historical 

artefact in its own right. 

These remarks apply particularly to the Main Hall. With the exception of The Bass Rock and the 

ichthyosaur, the rest of the museum has been changed many times and the specimens can 

obviously be displayed to much better effect than at present; in 1881 these other spaces were 

used as the Library and the School of Art and Science, anyway. Museums have to change and 

evolve but they, perhaps more than any other institutions, should be about taking heritage, history 

and tradition forward into the modern world. 

The museum has signally failed to promote its own history, the importance of the researchers 

associated with it, the richness and diversity of its collections. The second President (Henslow’s) 

contribution I have given above and I have also touched on the career of E. Ray Lankester.  

1.Which Nobel Prize winning scientist was a President of Ipswich Museum? 2.Which leading 

woman war artist was President? 3. Which founder of a major industry was President? 4. Which 

famous collector of French art and founder of a major London Museum was President? 5. Which 

pioneer woman archaeologist was closely associated with the museum?*  You will not find the 

answers in the displays of the museum at present. Will they be there in the future?  

[*Answers on page 27 -Ed.] 


Because of its distinctive and very long history, its status as the first museum financed by local 

government and, because of the history of Ipswich itself, the Ipswich Museum collections are 

truly outstanding. Because of a long period of decay and poor documentation, the importance of 

its collections have fallen from public awareness. With little accessible documentation and much 

research on the collections to be done, even incoming management has had a hard job to 

reconstruct the knowledge base on which display of the collections must be built. Colchester & 

Ipswich Museums Service has triumphantly acquired the capital and has developed knowledge of 

the collections to a level very much better than the largely disorganised situation which I found 

in 1974. It will shine if it plays to its own strengths and allows the new displays to showcase as 

much as possible of the range and quality of the collection. 


John Norman, Chair of The Ipswich Society writes: 

Ipswich Borough Council and their team of architects and advisors are to be congratulated on 

winning a substantial Lottery grant, a sum which will make substantial changes to Ipswich 

Museum possible and worthwhile. Winning National Lottery Heritage funding (£4.3 million) is 

not easy, evidenced not only by the failed first attempt at the Museum but by the relatively low 

number of funding awards made to this part of the country. Quite rightly the lottery trustees 

require a return on their investment, not necessarily a financial return but an increase in the 

percentage of the population making use of the facility once the improvements are complete. It is 

notoriously difficult to attract visitors into provincial museums, particularly those that are dark, 

staid and hold little interest to children, the proposals at Ipswich are planned to lift the museum 

into a different league. 


Important inclusions in the proposed changes include making all of the ground floor rooms 

publicly accessible space, creating a level floor throughout to make it much easier for all visitors 

to wander, unhindered by steps or ramps and converting basement storerooms into spacious 

toilets. There will also be a café, an education space (enabling the museum to be used by school 

children on a wet February afternoon) and a new conservation laboratory, enabling visitors to see 

the fascinating work being carried out. 


Our congratulations to the museum staff, volunteers and The Friends of the Ipswich Museums 

who have all contributed to this wonderful development opportunity. 


Ipswich Society events May/June 2022 

Our two Ipswich walks planned for May celebrate Ipswich Society publications. On Thursday May 

19th, Vice-Chairman Tony Marsden will lead a Maritime Trail themed walk. On Wednesday May 

25th Tony Robson, our Blue Plaques Officer, will lead a Blue Plaques themed walk. Both walks 

start at 2pm and will last about 1½ hours. They are for members only, free of charge and limited to 

25 participants. If you would like to book a place on one of them, please email me, Caroline 

Markham at secretary@ipswichsociety.org.uk clearly stating whether you wish to attend the 

Maritime Trail walk or the Blue Plaques walk. I look forward to hearing from you and joining you at 

these events.


On Thursday June 9th we have once again booked a Maritime Trust Cruise on the S.B. Victor for 

Ipswich Society members. This is the third season the Ipswich Society has organised a day trip on 

the historic 1895 sailing barge. Leaving from outside the Old Custom House at 9am and returning 

4.30-5pm, ‘Victor’ will motor/sail to Harwich Ha’penny pier with mid-morning coffee, biscuits and 

bacon roll on the way. After a 90 minute tour of Harwich with guides from the Harwich Society, we 

return for drinks and a two course lunch with wine. Harwich has a remarkable collection of old 

buildings including the lighthouse, the newly-opened house of the captain of The Mayflower, one of 

the first ever electric cinemas and a medieval wooden treadwheel crane. Victor will leave Harwich to 

sail/motor back to the Old Custom House with a tea on the way. S.B. Victor was restored in 1974 and 

beautifully maintained since. The cost is £65 per head, including a donation to the Harwich Society. 

To book go to https://ipswichmaritimetrust.setmore.com


Issued by Her Majesty’s Government 


Spotter: Mark Beesley


 WARNING! 


A new virus is currently spreading across the UK. Known as Grey Disease or Anthracitis, it attacks 

seemingly healthy houses, transforming them into monochrome. If one house in a street is affected, it 

can quickly spread to neighbouring homes. Grey Disease can affect interiors too, quickly draining them 

of colour, and there are signs that it is transmissible to pubs, restaurants and even offices. 

The only cure for this disease is to ensure your house is provided with plenty of colour. Removing all 

lifestyle and interior design magazines may also help protect your precious home.


  

Be vigilant! 


What's happening to the brownfield sites in Ipswich? 

Answer: nothing! 

Let me explain: Ipswich is a low wage town, and has been since Robert Ransome attracted 

agricultural workers into town by offering agricultural wages but paid at the same rate 52 weeks 

per year. On the farm the wage fluctuated with the season, sometimes nothing during the winter 

(when there was no work). This low wage economy has prevailed, outlasting the engineering, 

clothing and cigarette industries to perpetuate into the new financial-based (insurance) institutions.  


Despite the national housing shortage there is not an excessive demand for higher priced 

housing. Many of the proposed new developments are changing the balance of the range of 

property on offer, reducing the number of four and five bedroom, detached houses and increasing 

the number of two and three bedroom properties, especially those with three floors. We have seen 

this happening at Henley Gate (Ipswich Garden Suburb) and what, I consider, should be one of 

the best sites in Ipswich. Persimmon's Discovery Avenue (near the new tidal barrier and 

overlooking the river) where the developer is building the smallest possible starter homes, most 

of which will go into the Buy-to-Let market.   


The Mill, East Anglia's tallest residential tower block: there are a variety of  reasons why this 

hasn't been developed. The main reason is that it isn't economically viable to finish it, that is the 

cost of the building work required to complete the flats exceeds the return on that investment 

(remembering that developers will require 25% - 30% 'profit' to cover the risks involved). The 

completion of the nearby 'Winerack' was only possible because the Homes and Communities 

Agency contributed £15 million towards completion costs (technically a loan) and £5 million 

came from New Anglia Local Enterprise Partnership (LEP). I understand that sales haven't been 

as brisk as had been hoped. You will appreciate that The Mill (tower block) is currently an empty 

shell, no lifts, no bathrooms, kitchens or plumbing services as well as the obvious problems with 

the external cladding.  Access for 'fit-out' will also be difficult: nowhere does the external wall of 

the 23 storey block reach the ground, so nowhere can scaffold start from the ground to rise up the 

external walls. A further issue is that the lift shaft is too small for building purposes; once a lift 

car is installed, it will be of insufficient size to convey sheets of plasterboard. It will be a brave 

developer who takes on these risks in the current market. 


The vacant site between the Churches of St Peter and St Mary-at-the-Quay has a wealth of 

buried history; it can be argued that this is the original heart of Anglo-Saxon Ipswich, and we 

know it is where Cardinal Wolsey started his college. It was the site of a Friends Meeting House 

and more recently St Peter's Ironworks. Archaeologists are suggesting that there may be 1,000 

bodies buried on the site. No wonder then that they are also suggesting that the archaeological 

dig will cost over £1 million. A hefty outlay even before the first brick is laid (and as I've already 

said 'high rise flats in Ipswich don't sell’).  


Much the same applies to 47 Key Street, the vacant site bounded by Key Street, Slade Street, 

Fore Street and Salthouse Street and previously the offices of R&W Paul (Pauls and Whites). 

The Jewish Cemetery sits in the middle of the site. The whole site is currently owned by 

Investec, – it has received planning permission for various redevelopment schemes but there 

have been no takers.    


Burton Son & Sanders offices, 1-5 College Street, (the building shrouded in scaffolding on the 

right as you drive towards the Novotel roundabouts). It is in the same ownership as the vacant 

site behind the building (see above for the archaeological problems). This is a listed building and 

has been – and still is – subject to an Urgent Works Notice requiring the owner to make it 

weatherproof and secure.  He has carried out some work and we understand that repairs to the 

temporary roof are in hand. The issue for the local authority, who issued both Urgent Works and 

Building Repairs Notices is what to do next. Failure to comply with the latter means that the 

local authority can compulsorily purchase at a price set by the District Valuer. Unfortunately, the 

local authority has no budget for this type of expenditure and so cannot proceed; I’d guess 

that the building owner knows this. 


In the case of the small merchant's house opposite, number 4 College Street, Ipswich Borough 

Council purchased the whole site, including the house and car park and are spending a fair 

amount of money renovating the building. They hope to sell the site to a developer and influence 

them into a scheme that will be the gateway into the Waterfront. With the small merchant’s house 

renovated, the whole should be somewhat more attractive to modern developers. 


Between Stoke Bridge and Princes Street bridge, former Lower Yard (a railway goods yard) 

fronting Grafton Way was to be a massive Tesco supermarket and planning permission had been 

granted. This was probably the first major supermarket to be cancelled when retailers realised we 

were all swapping to home-shopping. Spenhill, Tesco’s property arm, offered the site for sale and 

a number of different planning permissions have been sought; the latest is a series of town houses 

(with gardens) – more of those three bedroom, three storey houses mentioned earlier. However, 

the developer still isn't confident that when built they will sell, so the site is still a car 

park. Incidentally the retail units opposite the Royal Mail sorting office are owned by Trinity 

College Cambridge, one of East Anglia's biggest landowners, and they have a policy of not 

selling. So, this bit of the site isn't included in the planning permission. 


New Cut West: see article page 16. 


Why not develop these brownfield areas as green parks? Unfortunately, this is about 

ownership. The majority of these sites are in private ownership, and all of the owners are 

expecting a return on their investment. Even if there is no immediate prospect of development 

the owner can borrow against the asset and use the money to develop elsewhere. Take, for 

example, the Tacket Street/Cox Lane car parks; these are owned by National Car Parks and are 

on their books as potential retail development land. On paper this is (was) four times the value of 

residential land and, although NCP have no intention of developing either car park, they have 

been using their portfolio of property assets as security against borrowing for developments in 

other towns. 

John Norman 


Membership Secretary vacancy  

I am standing down as Membership Secretary as of the end of June this year. 

If you think you would be interested in taking on the post, please contact me. I will be pleased to 

give you the information about this interesting, and essential, job on behalf of the Society. What 

is basically required is keeping paper and computer records up-to-date of our 1,000+ members, 

answering queries from members and co-ordinating, as required, with other members of the 

Committee. 

I look forward to hearing from you (contact details on page 27).              Celia Waters 


Donations and Gift Aid 

Several members, when renewing their membership, have included a donation to the Society 

funds. Thank you, it is very much appreciated – and when also Gift Aided the donation is 

increased still more.  

If you completed a Gift Aid form a few years ago, it is possible that you are no longer 

registered because some of the paperwork is missing. The Gift Aid scheme is of great benefit 

to the Society by significantly increasing funds. To be sure your contribution is covered, you 

can find the form on the website or write to/email or phone me giving your full name and 

home address, state that you want to Gift Aid your donation to the Ipswich Society.  

Membership Secretary (contact details on page 27)


The Ipswich Society 

Registered Charity no. 263322 


www.ipswichsociety.org.uk | https://www.facebook.com/ipswichsociety | https://www.instagram.com/theipswichsociety 

This Newsletter is the quarterly journal of Ipswich’s civic amenity society established in 1960. Views expressed in 

the Newsletter are not necessarily those of the Society. We make every effort to comply with copyright and GDPR 

law in our publications; please contact the Hon. Secretary if you have concerns about any content. 


Diary dates 

Wednesday April 27, 7.30pm: Annual General Meeting in the auditorium at The Hold with our 

speaker Jackie Sadek, co-author of Broken Homes: Britain's Housing Crisis: Faults, Factoids 

and Fixes. 

Thursday May 19, 2pm: Maritime Trail themed walk with Tony Marsden. 

Wednesday May 25, 2pm: Blue Plaques themed walk with Tony Robson. 

Thursday June 9: All-day Cruise from Ipswich to Harwich on the Sailing Barge Victor with The 

Ipswich Maritime Trust. 

(Booking details for the walks and cruise are on page 24.) 


Newsletter deadlines & publication dates (the latter may vary by a few days) 

Deadline for material: 1 December;     Publication date: 22 January; 

            1 March;                 2 April;  

            1 June;                   17 July; 

            1 September;                9 October.


Answers to David Jones’ questions on page 23 1. Sir Charles Sherrington (1944–1952).   2. Anna Airy (1882-1964).  

3. Edward Packard senr. (1895-1899) founder of the artificial fertilizer industry.    

4. Sir Richard Wallace, Bt of Sudbourne Hall (1874–1890).   5. Nina Frances Layard (1853-1935).


Sutton Hoo (impression): the ship burial of Anglo-Saxon High King Raedwald 625 AD. Painted relief by Robert N. Mellamphy reproduced by kind permission of Woodbridge Riverside Trust, installed in The Longshed, Woodbridge, February 2022.

Issue 229 April 2022

© 2024 The Ipswich Society, Registered Charity Number: 263322

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